Which nerve is responsible for controlling the heart, lungs, and digestion?

The pneumogastric nerve, also known as the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X), plays a crucial role in controlling involuntary functions of the heart, lungs, and digestive tract. It is the primary nerve of the parasympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for promoting rest and digest activities in the body.

Through its extensive network, the vagus nerve helps regulate heart rate, facilitates breathing, and stimulates digestive processes such as peristalsis and enzyme secretion. This regulation is essential for maintaining homeostasis in the body and ensuring that these vital systems function properly.

The phrenic nerve primarily innervates the diaphragm and is mainly involved in the control of respiration, but it does not directly regulate the functions of the heart or digestive organs. The radial nerve is responsible for the sensation and movement of the arm and hand muscles, while the axillary nerve primarily services the shoulder area. None of these other nerves have the broad scope of influence over the heart, lungs, and digestion that the pneumogastric nerve does.