What structure in bone is primarily responsible for its strength and integrity?

The structure in bone that is primarily responsible for its strength and integrity is osteons. Osteons, also known as Haversian systems, are cylindrical structures that are arranged in a concentric pattern around a central canal, which contains blood vessels and nerves. This organization of osteons allows for efficient distribution of nutrients and waste removal, contributing to the bone's overall strength.

Osteons are composed of a matrix of collagen fibers and mineral deposits, primarily hydroxyapatite, which gives bones their rigidity and resilience. The layered structure of the osteons helps bones endure various stresses and strains, providing both tensile strength and resistance to compression.

While adipose tissue, cartilage, and ligaments play important roles in the body, they do not contribute directly to the structural integrity of bones in the way that osteons do. Adipose tissue is more associated with energy storage and insulation, cartilage provides cushioning and support in joints, and ligaments connect bones to other bones and provide stability to joints, but none have the specific structural role that osteons fulfill within bone tissue.