What gland is referred to as the "master gland" in the endocrine system?

The pituitary gland is referred to as the "master gland" of the endocrine system because it plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions by releasing hormones that influence other glands in the endocrine system. Located at the base of the brain, the pituitary gland produces and secretes hormones that can affect growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress responses, among other processes.

For example, it releases growth hormone (GH) which stimulates growth in tissues and regulates metabolism, as well as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) that stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol, a critical hormone for stress regulation. The pituitary gland's ability to control the hormonal output of other glands, such as the thyroid and adrenal glands, underscores its title as the "master gland." This hierarchical relationship demonstrates why the pituitary gland is essential for maintaining homeostasis in the body.